Volcanoes erupt when magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, rises through cracks called vents. Pressure builds up inside the magma chamber, and when it becomes too strong, the magma bursts out as lava, ash, and gases. These eruptions can be explosive or gentle, depending on the magma’s composition and the amount of gas trapped inside.
Volcanic eruptions can change landscapes, create new landforms, and affect the climate by releasing ash and gases into the atmosphere. While they can be dangerous, volcanoes also provide fertile soil and valuable minerals, showing the dynamic power of Earth's geology. Shutdown123